Sultan of Mysore · r. 1782–1799

Tipu Sultan

Ruler. Strategist. Innovator.

For seventeen years, Tipu Sultan ruled a South Indian state that fought the British East India Company to a standstill, reformed its economy from the ground up, sent embassies from Paris to Constantinople, and fielded the world's first iron-cased war rockets. He died sword in hand defending his capital — and has been argued over ever since.

This site explores him as a person, a sultan and statesman, a military commander, an administrator and economic reformer, a diplomat, a patron of technology — and a historical figure whose legacy remains genuinely contested. We separate documented evidence from later interpretation, and say so when historians disagree.

The Battle of Pollilur, 1780

Born
Nov 1750, Devanahalli
Reigned
1782 – 1799
Capital
Srirangapatna
Died
4 May 1799, in battle

Four ways into the story

Painted portrait of Tipu Sultan in profile, wearing a striped turban with a jewelled ornament and a pearl sash.
Contemporary portrait, c. 1792, painted during his reign.Unknown artist, c. 1792. British Library · Public domain
Wide panoramic mural of the Battle of Pollilur showing masses of Mysorean cavalry enveloping red-coated British infantry squares, with an ammunition wagon exploding.
The Battle of Pollilur, 1780, as painted on the west wall of Daria Daulat Bagh — the victory Tipu Sultan chose to live inside. (Unknown Mysorean artist, early 19th century · Public domain)

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